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Forms of Address 4
(esp. the use of u or je). There is a direct link between the way in which people address each other and politeness. Here we consider three aspects of this: second-person pronouns, greetings and farewells and formulas in letters. There are two aspect to second-person pronouns: form and use.
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Lecture1.1
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Lecture1.2
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Lecture1.3
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Lecture1.4
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Indirectness 1
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Lecture2.1
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Use of zou 1
(as in the third example on the overview)
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Lecture3.1
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Modal Particles 7
(words like even and misschien). There is a group of Dutch adverbs that have developed a special use which is hard to translate literally but very important when establishing politeness. They have developed from normal adverbs, often with a temporal meaning, but in this special use they are called modal particles. They can be used in all sentence types, especially to modulate the impact of: a command (imperative), a request (interrogative), an advice (declarative). Modal particles often occur in clusters of two or three.
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Lecture4.1
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Lecture4.2
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Lecture4.3
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Lecture4.4
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Lecture4.5
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Lecture4.6
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Lecture4.7
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Voice Quality 1
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Lecture5.1
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