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Regular verbs
Dutch verbs can be divided into regular and irregular verbs. Regular verbs follow a certain pattern in the way they are conjugated, and irregular verbs do not follow a pattern at all. All modal verbs are irregular.
The group of regular verbs is the largest, and this group can be divided further into weak verbs and strong verbs.
Weak verbs
Weak verbs are the most regular type of verb. All the rules for forming the present, perfect and imperfect tenses apply. Examples of weak verbs are wonen, studeren, koken and bellen.
Strong verbs
Strong verbs are also regular, but their regularity works in quite a different way. Once you recognise the pattern, you have no need to learn every word individually, but until you do, that may be the best strategy. The patterns that occur in strong verbs have to do with vowel changes in the past tenses and/or with the ending of the past participle. Examples of strong verbs are brengen, blijven, geven, and wassen.
Irregular verbs
Irregular verbs do not follow any pattern, so you have to learn them by heart. Examples of irregular verbs are zijn, hebben, kopen and denken. All modal verbs are irregular.
List of strong and irregular verbs
Below you find a list with the most common irregular and strong verbs (excluding modal verbs) with their simple past tenses and past participles.
(z) indicates that the auxiliary zijn has to be used in the perfect tense.
infinitive simple past singular simple past plural past participle to offer aanbieden bood aan aangeboden to offer aankomen (zie komen) (z) to arrive afspreken (zie spreken) to arrange (to meet) beginnen begon begonnen (z) to begin begrijpen begreep begrepen to comprehend, to understand bekijken (zie kijken) to look at besluiten besloot besloten to decide bestaan (zie staan) to exist betreffen betrof betroffen to concern bezoeken (zie zoeken) to visit brengen bracht gebracht to bring denken dacht gedacht to think doen deed gedaan to do doorverbinden (zie verbinden) to put through dragen droeg gedragen to wear, to carry eten at aten gegeten to eat gaan ging gegaan (z) to go genieten genoot genoten to enjoy geven gaf gaven gegeven to give hangen hing gehangen to hang hebben had gehad to have houden (van) hield (van) gehouden (van) to like (things), to love (people) inschenken schonk in ingeschonken to pour kiezen koos gekozen to choose kijken keek gekeken to look klinken klonk geklonken to sound komen kwam kwamen gekomen (z) to come kopen kocht gekocht to buy krijgen kreeg gekregen to get lachen lachte gelachen to smile, to laugh liggen lag lagen gelegen to lie lijken (op) leek (op) geleken (op) to resemble, to look like lopen liep gelopen (h/z) to walk, to go nemen nam namen genomen to take ontbijten ontbeet ontv=beten to have breakfast opstaan (zie staan) to get up oversteken stak over staken over overgestoken (z) to cross rijden reed gereden (h/z) here: to cycle; also: to drive, to ride roepen riep geroepen to call, to shout ruiken rook geroken to smell schrijven schreef geschreven to write slapen sliep geslapen to sleep snijden sneed gesneden to cut springen sprong gesprongen to jump staan stond gestaan to stand stijgen steeg gestegen (z) to rise varen voer/vaarde gevaren (h/z) to sail verbinden verbond verbonden to connect verdwijnen verdween verdwenen (z) to disappear vergelijken (zie lijken) to compare vergeten vergat vergaten vergeten (h/z) to forget verliezen verloor verloren to lose verschijnen verscheen verschenen (z) to appear verstaan (zie staan) to hear, to understand vertrekken vertrok vertrokken (z) to depart vinden vond gevonden to find vragen vroeg gevraagd to ask wassen waste gewassen to wash wegen woog gewogen to weigh weten wist geweten to know winnen won gewonnen to win worden werd geworden (z) to become zeggen zei zeiden gezegd to say zich gedragen (zie dragen) to behave oneself zich scheren schoor geschoren to shave zien zag gezien to see zijn was waren geweest (z) to be zin hebben in (zie hebben) to fancy zingen zong gezongen to sing zitten zat gezeten to sit zoeken zocht gezocht to look for
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